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Metacognition

(definition)

Metacognition, or “thinking about thinking,” is your awareness of yourself as a learner and your ability to regulate your own learning. It involves five distinct skills:

Assessing the task.
Evaluating your strengths and weaknesses.
Planning an approach.
Applying strategies and monitoring your performance.
Reflecting and adjusting if needed.

The diagram below shows you one example of the metacognitive cycle. Hover over the individual skills to learn more.

元認知
（定義）
元認知或“思考”是您對自己作為學習者的意識以及對自己的學習進行調節的能力。它涉及五個不同的技能：
1.評估任務。
2.評估您的優點和缺點。
3.規劃方法。
4.應用策略並監控績效。
5.反思並根據需要進行調整。
下圖顯示了元認知循環的一個示例。將鼠標懸停在個人技能上以了解更多信息。

EXAMPLE

Metacognition in Action

You get an assignment and ask yourself:

“What exactly does this assignment involve and what have I learned in this course that is relevant to it?”

You are exercising metacognitive skills #1 and #2 by assessing the task and evaluating your strengths and weaknesses in relation to it. If you think about what steps you need to take to complete the assignment and determine when it is reasonable to begin, you are exercising skill #3 by planning. If you start in on your plan and realize that you are working more slowly than you anticipated, you are putting skill #4 to work by applying a strategy and monitoring your performance. Finally, if you reflect on your performance in relation to your time frame for the task, and discover an equally effective but more efficient way to work, you are engaged in skill #5 of reflecting and adjusting your approach as needed.

Metacognition is not rocket science. In some respects, it is fairly ordinary and intuitive. Yet you’d be surprised how often people lack strong metacognitive skills, and you’d be amazed by how much weak metacognitive skills can undermine performance. To test your own powers of metacognition, read each of the scenarios below and identify which metacognitive skill the student is struggling with.

行動中的元認知
您得到一個作業並問自己：

“這項作業確切涉及什麼，我在本課程中從中學到了什麼？”

您正在通過評估任務並評估與之相關的優缺點來鍛煉第一和第二元認知技能。如果您考慮需要採取什麼步驟來完成作業並確定何時開始合理的訓練，那麼您正在通過計劃來鍛煉技能3。如果您按計劃開始工作，並且意識到自己的工作速度比預期的要慢，那麼您將通過應用策略和監控績效來使技能4發揮作用。最後，如果您根據任務的時間框架來反思自己的績效，並發現一種同樣有效但更有效的工作方式，那麼您將掌握技巧五，根據需要進行反思和調整。

元認知不是火箭科學。在某些方面，它是相當普通和直觀的。但是，您會驚訝於人們經常缺乏強大的元認知能力，而您會驚訝於元認知能力薄弱會損害績效。要測試您自己的元認知能力，請閱讀以下每種情況，並確定學生正在努力使用的元認知技能。

What You Need to Know About the Course << Previous Next >> unit2 hardware basice